外源硅减轻高温引起的杂交水稻结实降低

选用硅酸钠(Na2SiO3·9H2O)为硅源,于大田条件下对耐热性不同的2个杂交水稻组合在拔节期连续3次喷施4个浓度水平(T-CK,0mmol/L;T-1.25,1.25mmol/L;T-2.50,2.50mmol/L;T-3.75,3.75mmol/L)的外源硅,研究施硅对花期自然高温和自然常温下杂交水稻柱头授粉性能、花药开裂性能和受精率的影响,并筛选适宜浓度的硅酸钠施用方案。结果表明,在田间高温条件下,与T-CK相比,施硅处理(T-1.25、T-2.50和T-3.75)使热敏感组合金优63和耐热组合汕优63的颖花受精率分别提高10.6和4.7百分点(绝对值);花药基部开裂宽度分别增加19.0%和10.3%(相对值);每柱头花粉萌发数增加16.9%和39.6%;授粉总数分别增加3.4%和30.5%;花粉萌发率上升11.3和7.0百分点;花粉萌发数大于10粒的小花的占比上升9.3和27.6百分点;花粉总数小于20粒的小花占比下降18.8和8.1百分点(相对值)。经对两个组合在常温和高温下施硅的花药发育及授粉特性的解析,初步认为外源硅对水稻授粉性能有综合提高作用,但比较而言,其作用可能主要与提高花粉发育质量有关,而提高授粉总数和改善花药裂药性能也有一定的辅助作用。此外,外源硅施用对高温敏感组合效果更佳,其适宜的喷施浓度为2.50mmol/L。     

Changes of Plasma Membrane H~+-ATPase Activities of Glycine max Seeds by PEG Treatment

The soybean (Glycine max) Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H+-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H+-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H+-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

羊口疮病毒B2L基因密码子偏好性分析

B2L蛋白是羊口疮病毒(ORFV)的主要囊膜蛋白,为重要保护性抗原之一,可刺激机体产生强烈的抗体反应。本研究对B2L基因运用Visual Gene Developer生物信息学软件,分析其在大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的密码子使用偏好性,从而选择一个最适表达系统,以增加B2L蛋白的表达量。分析表明,B2L基因在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中会得到更好的表达,这为B2L基因表达系统的选择提供了参考。     

不同因子对树葡萄扦插生根影响研究

利用树葡萄2a生茎作为插穗,开展不同基质、不同外源激素种类和浓度、不同季节扦插育苗技术研究。结果表明：以河沙土、椰糠、草木灰(5:5:1)混合基质A对树葡萄扦插的效果最好,成活率达64.7%;不同配比生长液均对树葡萄的生根数、根长和成活率均有提高,其中IAA1000mg.L_-1对于树葡萄生长效果最佳,成活率达70.3%;在海口地区树葡萄扦插时间以3月扦插效果最好,成活率达60.3%。     

外源纤维素酶对发酵全混合日粮营养价值、发酵品质和酶活性的动态影响

本试验旨在探究外源纤维素酶(EFE)添加到发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)中对其营养价值、发酵品质和酶活性的影响,并找出适宜添加水平。采用完全随机试验设计,设置5个纤维素酶添加水平(0、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 g·kg^-1 DM),分别测定底物发酵的第7、14、35、49、70天的概略养分、可溶性碳水化物(WSC)、发酵参数和4种酶活力。结果表明,1)纵向看,随发酵时间的延长,底物的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和可溶性碳水化合物含量,以及4种酶活力均呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而乙酸含量则呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。2)横向看,随着EFE添加量的提高,发酵一定时间后, DM、NDF、ADF和WSC含量以及pH值、氨态氮含量、羧基肽酶活力和酸性蛋白酶活力呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而乙酸含量、纤维素酶活力、和木聚糖活力呈上升趋势(P<0.05),发酵第35天后趋于稳定,0.8和1.6 g·kg^-1 EFE添加组表现出较低的pH值、NDF含量和ADF含量(P<0.05),以及较高的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力(P<0.05);由此,本试验发现,添加EFE可促进FTMR中纤维类物质的降解、有机酸的积累和自身纤维类物质的酶活力,抑制羧基肽酶活力和酸性蛋白酶活力,减少蛋白质的损失,且存在添加剂量效应,适宜添加量为0.8~1.6 g·kg^-1 DM。     

Morpho-Physiological Responses of Grape Rootstock ‘Dogridge’ to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Under Salinity Stress

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alone or in combination with bacterial consortium (AMF+BC) inoculation prior to induced salinity (NaCl @ 150 or 250 mM) were studied on root growth; plant biomass; leaf area; Na⁺ and K⁺ contents; leaf water potential (Ψ_w); osmotic potential (Ψ_π); photosynthesis rate (P_n); and contents of chlorophyll, phytohormones, and polyamines in the grape rootstock ‘Dogridge’, popular among Indian vine growers. AMF inoculation in the NaCl untreated rootstocks plants increased root growth, root and shoot biomass, and leaf area and improved leaf Ψ_w, Ψ_π, P_n, and chlorophyll content, and also countered the stress-induced decline in the NaCl treated plants. The abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins, and polyamine-spermidine and spermine contents in the leaves of NaCl untreated or treated were significantly increased by the AMF inoculation. Among the treatments, AMF with BC was relatively more effective than AMF alone with respect to changes in above morpho-physiological characters. The results depicted that AMF (AMF alone or AMF+BC) inoculation significantly improved salinity tolerance of grape rootstock and tolerance is induced by improvements in plant water balance, K⁺:Na⁺ ratio, and P_n, besides distinct accumulations in ABA and polyamines-spermine and spermidine. The above findings have potential in suggesting the AMF usefulness in improving the efficacy of ‘Dogridge’ rootstock in grape cultivation under salt affected soils.     

外源总DNA导入培育大豆新品系D89—9822及其育种价值初探

以栽培大豆品系６２９６－３为受体、半野生大豆龙７９－３４３３－１为供体，采用外源ＤＮＡ导入的方法培育成功Ｄ８９－９８２２。该品系具有高产、品质优良、抗病性强等特点，产量比受体增产４４．９％，比标准品种增产１０．５％。蛋白质含量７年（１９８９－１９９５）平均较受体增长近２个百分点，球蛋白总量较受体提高近１０个百分点，并使其与大豆加工品质密切相关的１１Ｓ球蛋白组分所占比例超过７０％。１９９６年参加生产     

激素和多胺对苦瓜性别分化的影响

研究了ＧＡ３（赤霉素）和ＣＣＣ（矮壮素）处理下株洲长白苦瓜植株，从苗龄８～７０天茎尖内源激素的变化。结果表明，第一雌花形成与茎尖内源ＧＡ３含量增高有关。开花盛期，茎尖内源ＩＡＡ含量下降越小，ＺＴ含量下降越大，植株的雌花数和♀／♂越大。分析表明，雌、雄花中内源多胺（ｃａｄ）含量都明显高于无性组织，可能与性别分化有关，内源亚精胺（ｓｐｄ）含量变化可能与雌花的发生和发育有关，内源腐胺（ｐｕｔ）含量的上升可能与雄花的分化有关     

低氧胁迫对无土栽培网纹甜瓜幼苗多胺含量的影响

 研究了低氧胁迫处理对无土栽培网纹甜瓜幼苗叶片生长及游离态、结合态、束缚态多胺(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺) 含量的影响。结果表明, 低氧胁迫显著抑制了植株叶片的生长, 幼苗3种形态的腐胺、亚精胺和精胺含量显著提高; 但耐低氧性强的‘星光’比耐低氧性较弱的‘西域一号’幼苗生长较快, 而且游离态、结合态、束缚态的3种多胺含量较高, 表明较高多胺可能参与了网纹甜瓜耐低氧能力的调节。     

Silicon and salicylic acid promote different responses in legume plants

Abstract

The foliar application of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) can be beneficial to plants. However, there are doubts about the interaction of Si and SA in the physiology and yield of legume crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of Si and SA on the photosynthetic variables and yield of soybean and bean grains. The experiments were composed by four treatments: potassium silicate and stabilized sodium at a concentration of 3.6?g?L^?1 Si in the absence and presence of SA (210?mg?L^?1), only SA, and without Si or SA. The interaction of Si with foliar SA enhanced photosynthesis only in soybean; it did not affect the physiological variables of bean and did not alter the yield of the two crops. The results indicated that foliar Si application at high concentrations, independently of SA application, increased the physiological variables of the soybean without affecting the yield; however, the combined application of Si and SA had an adverse effect on the physiology and yield of bean.